Albenza

Albenza/Eskazole/Andazol (generic name: albendazole) is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic medication used to treat parasitic worm infections. It is primarily prescribed for neurocysticercosis, an infection of the nervous system caused by Taenia solium larvae (pork tapeworm), and hydatid disease, a serious condition caused by Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm) larvae.

Albendazole works by inhibiting tubulin polymerization, which disrupts the parasites’ ability to absorb glucose. This process depletes their energy stores, ultimately leading to their death and elimination from the body. As a benzimidazole carbamate, Albenza is effective against a range of helminthic infections, making it a crucial treatment option for individuals exposed to these parasites.

Caution

Albendazole may cause birth defects. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 1 month after stopping Albenza. Women who are pregnant or are planning to become pregnant, and mothers who are breastfeeding, should only take Albenza with a doctor’s approval. If you become pregnant while on a course of treatment with Albenza, inform the doctor immediately.

People being treated for parasite infections may also have a condition called neurocysticercosis caused by parasites in the brain. Albenza can cause a reaction in the brain when the parasites are killed. If a combination of the following symptoms occurs between a few hours and up to a week after taking the drug, inform a doctor immediately:

• severe headaches
• nausea and vomiting
• fits (seizures)
• problems with your vision.

Dosage

It is essential to follow the prescribing doctor’s instructions.

The dosage of Albenza varies based on the specific infection and the patient’s weight:

• For neurocysticercosis:
  • Adults and children weighing more than 60 kg: 400 mg twice daily with meals for 8 to 30 days.
  • Patients weighing less than 60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day, divided into two doses, for the same duration.
• For hydatid disease:
  • Adults and children weighing more than 60 kg: twice daily for 28 days per cycle. Three cycles are usually required, with a 14-day break between each cycle.
  • Patients less than 60 kg: 15 mg/kg/day, divided into two doses (max 800 mg/day).

It is crucial to take Albenza with food to enhance absorption. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as remembered unless it is near the time for the next dose; in such cases, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double-dose to make up for a missed dose.

Storage

Albenza tablets should be stored at room temperature, between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, and protect it from moisture. For more information, read our article on drug storage.

Common Questions About Albenza

How long does it take for Albenza to work?

Albenza begins working immediately upon absorption, but the time required to clear the infection depends on the type of parasite and the severity of the condition. In cases of neurocysticercosis, treatment typically lasts 8 to 30 days, and parasite death can occur gradually over this period. For hydatid disease, multiple treatment cycles are required, spanning several weeks to months. Some patients may require surgical removal of cysts alongside medication. Clinical improvement, including reduced symptoms and parasite elimination, is usually seen within weeks of completing treatment.

What is the mechanism of action of albendazole?

Albendazole works by binding to beta-tubulin, which inhibits microtubule formation in parasites. This process prevents glucose uptake, ultimately leading to the parasites’ starvation and death. The drug also affects cell division, which stops the parasite from reproducing.

What causes neurocysticercosis?

Neurocysticercosis is caused by accidental ingestion of T solium eggs, which hatch in the intestines and travel to the brain, forming cysts. The primary source of infection is undercooked pork, contaminated water, or poor hygiene.

Is albendazole safe for children?

Yes, albendazole is approved for pediatric use, but the dosage is based on body weight.